Sulphites Sensitivity

Sulphites Sensitivity Guide: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

Overview

Sulphites are chemicals used as preservatives to help prevent spoilage and maintain colour in certain foods and drinks. They occur naturally in some foods but are also added during food processing.

Some people are sensitive to sulphites and may experience symptoms after eating foods or drinking beverages that contain them. Although sulphite reactions are not usually classified as a true food allergy, they can still cause uncomfortable or sometimes serious symptoms in sensitive individuals.

Sulphites are commonly found in foods such as dried fruits, wine, fruit juices, sauces, and processed foods. Because they are widely used in food manufacturing, people with sulphite sensitivity may need to read ingredient labels carefully.

Symptoms

People with asthma may be more likely to experience breathing symptoms when exposed to sulphites.

Diagnosis

If sulphite sensitivity is suspected, a doctor or healthcare professional may review your symptoms and medical history.

Diagnosis may involve:

• Reviewing foods or drinks consumed before symptoms occurred
• Keeping a food and symptom diary
• Elimination and reintroduction of sulphite-containing foods under medical guidance

Unlike many food allergies, there are no standard skin or blood tests specifically for sulphite sensitivity, so diagnosis is usually based on clinical history.

Living with Sulphites Sensitivity

• Shopping: Sulphites must be clearly labelled on food packaging in many countries. Always read ingredient labels carefully, even on products you buy regularly, as recipes and manufacturing processes can change.
• Eating out: Tell restaurant staff about your sulphite sensitivity and ask how foods are prepared. Sulphites may be present in sauces, marinades, and preserved ingredients.
• Cross-contact: Sulphites are usually added during food production rather than through cooking surfaces, but it is still important to check ingredients carefully when eating out or buying prepared foods.
• Common foods containing sulphites:
  Sulphites may be found in foods and drinks such as:
  • Dried fruits (such as apricots and raisins)
  • Wine and some beers
  • Fruit juices and soft drinks
  • Pickled foods and vinegar products
  • Sauces and condiments
  • Processed potatoes and packaged foods

Emergency Action

Mild allergic symptoms can often be treated with an antihistamine.

However, if there are signs of a severe allergic reaction — such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat or tongue, wheezing, sudden dizziness, or collapse — this is a medical emergency. Call your local emergency number immediately and use an adrenaline auto-injector if one has been prescribed.

Adrenaline auto-injectors commonly prescribed include:

• EpiPen® (adult and junior doses)
• Jext® (adult and junior doses)
• Auvi-Q® (available in some countries)

People at risk of severe allergic reactions are usually advised to carry two auto-injectors at all times, in case a second dose is needed.

After using an adrenaline auto-injector, medical attention is still required, as symptoms can return.

Friends, family members, teachers, and carers should know where the devices are kept and how to use them. Training devices and demonstration videos are available from the manufacturers’ websites.

Outgrowing Sulphites Sensitivity

Sulphite sensitivity can vary over time. Some people may find their tolerance changes, while others continue to react to sulphites long-term.

Regular discussion with a healthcare professional can help determine whether dietary adjustments or further investigation are needed.

Future Treatments

Research into new treatments for food allergies is ongoing. Some emerging approaches include:

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) – gradually introducing very small amounts of the allergen under medical supervision to help build tolerance.

Epicutaneous immunotherapy – skin patch treatments designed to slowly desensitise the immune system.

New medicines and biological therapies – researchers are studying treatments that may help reduce the severity of allergic reactions.

Many of these treatments are still being studied and may not be suitable for everyone.

For now, the safest approach remains avoiding trigger foods, checking ingredient labels carefully, and carrying emergency medication if prescribed.

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When to Seek Medical Advice

Speak to a doctor or healthcare professional if you think you or your child may have a food allergy. Symptoms such as hives, swelling, stomach pain, vomiting, or breathing problems after eating certain foods should always be assessed by a medical professional.

Urgent medical attention is needed if symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) occur, including difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat or tongue, wheezing, dizziness, or collapse.

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Resources

• NHS – Food Allergy Guidance
• Allergy UK
• British Society for Allergy & Clinical Immunology (BSACI)

These organisations provide trusted information, advice, and support for people living with allergies.

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Medical Disclaimer

This guide is provided for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Always seek advice from your doctor, allergy specialist, or another qualified healthcare professional if you have concerns about allergies, symptoms, or treatment.

If you believe you or someone else may be experiencing a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), seek emergency medical assistance immediately.

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